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・ Japanese battleship Yamato
・ Japanese battleship Yashima
・ Japanese Beech
・ Japanese beetle
・ Japanese Big Four
・ Japanese black porgy
・ Japanese black salamander
・ Japanese blacktail triplefin
・ Japanese Blind Golf Association
・ Japanese block printings
・ Japanese block-printings
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・ Japanese blue collar workers
・ Japanese boar
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Japanese Bolivian
・ Japanese bondage
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・ Japanese Boy
・ Japanese Braille
・ Japanese Brazilian
・ Japanese brown frog
・ Japanese Buddhist architecture
・ Japanese Buddhist pantheon
・ Japanese Bug Fights
・ Japanese bullhead shark
・ Japanese Burma Area Army
・ Japanese bush warbler
・ Japanese butterfish
・ Japanese calendar


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Japanese Bolivian : ウィキペディア英語版
Japanese Bolivian

are Bolivian-born people of Japanese ancestry or Japanese-born people who reside in Bolivia.
==History==
Since Bolivia has no coast, the first Japanese settlers came from neighboring Peru where their contracts ended prior to the 1950s. Most Japanese settlers had origins from Okinawa, while the rest from Gifu, Hiroshima, Kanagawa, and Osaka prefectures. In 1899, Mapiri River Region in La Paz experienced the first entrance of 91 Japanese workers assigned for rubber plantations. Since then, Andes Mountains continued to attract few more hundreds of Japanese laborers, who luckily caught work in mining and railroad construction. The inland Amazon River region appeared as the second main destination for the workers, who also came through Peru to work on rubber plantations in northwestern Bolivia. The end of World War I and Great Depression shifted Japanese workers in the rubber and mining industries respectively. The only places in Bolivia that survived changes were the town of Riberalta and La Paz, which served as the Japanese commercial activities. In the 1930s, most Japanese remained as settlers and many brought wives from their home country while most married local women; these made difference that divided the community.
When World War II began, only 29 Japanese Bolivians were deported to United States. But because more than that, the war had not much effect on the lives of residents of Japanese descent in Bolivia, since the local government did not make anti-Japanese measures. Since the end of the war, the government warmly permitted Japanese refugees. Treaties after 1954 guided in a new chapter of Japanese Bolivian history and the massive influx of agricultural settlers from U.S.-controlled Okinawa and mainland Japan. The need of relocating surplus populations from war-torn Japan met the Bolivian government's wish to develop the eastern lower lands in Santa Cruz Department. With the financial help of the Japanese government, Colonia Okinawa and Colonia San Juan de Yapacaní were established; the two settlements formed the distinctive communities with separate identities—one Okinawan and the other mainland Japanese—that are also currently in transition from the immigrant to the Bolivian-born generation. While Colonia Okinawa grows soy and wheat, San Juan de Yapacaní has specialized in rice and egg production. Nowadays, many descendants have moved to the nearby city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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